“A burn is an injury to the skin or other tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation. Burns can range in severity from minor, superficial burns that affect only the outer layer of the skin, to more serious burns that penetrate deeper layers of the skin and underlying tissues.”
Initial First Aid Treatment for Minor Burns:
Remove the source of the burn: If the burn is caused by a chemical, remove the clothing that has been in contact with the chemical and flush the affected area with water for at least 20 minutes.
Cool the burn: Immediately after getting burned, hold the affected area under cool (not cold) running water for at least 10 minutes or until the pain subsides. This helps to reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Alternatively, you can use a cold compress or immerse the affected area in cool water.
Cover the burn: After cooling the burn, cover it with sterile gauze or a clean cloth to protect it from infection. Avoid using cotton as it may stick to the wound and cause further damage.
Assess the severity of the burn: Burns are classified according to their severity, which helps determine the best course of treatment. The classifications are as follows:
- First-degree burns: These are mild burns that only affect the outer layer of the skin. They are characterized by redness, swelling, and pain.
- Second-degree burns: These are more serious burns that affect the outer and underlying layer of the skin. They are characterized by blistering, severe pain, and swelling.
- Third-degree burns: These are the most severe burns that penetrate all layers of the skin, including the underlying tissue. They are characterized by a white or blackened appearance and may not be painful due to nerve damage.
Take over-the-counter pain relievers: If necessary, take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to alleviate pain and swelling. Follow the instructions on the label.
Seek medical attention: If the burn is severe, covers a large area of the body, or shows signs of infection (such as redness, swelling, or oozing), seek medical attention immediately.
It’s important to remember that these first aid steps are for the initial management of major burns and not a substitute for professional medical treatment. Severe burns require specialized medical care, which may include hospitalization, IV fluids, antibiotics, and surgery.
Things not to do:
- Do not apply ice or very cold water: Applying ice or very cold water to a burn can cause further damage to the skin and underlying tissues.
- Do not apply butter or oil: Applying butter, oil, or other greasy substances to a burn can trap heat and worsen the burn.
- Do not break blisters: Blisters form to protect the skin and promote healing. Breaking blisters can increase the risk of infection and delay healing.
- Do not apply adhesive bandages: Adhesive bandages can stick to the burn and cause further damage when removed.
- Do not use home remedies: Home remedies such as toothpaste, egg whites, and vinegar are not recommended for treating burns as they can cause further damage and delay healing.